In git, HEAD is like a pointer that points to the local branch you're currently on. If, for example, you switch to a different branch, then HEAD would point to that branch. Internally, git keeps a reference of the "current" branch in .git/HEAD file (which you can see if you print the contents of it):
cat .git/HEAD
For example, if you're on the main branch, then it would output the following:
ref: refs/heads/main
If, for example, you switch to a branch called "foo", then the HEAD would point to the branch ref of that branch:
git switch foo cat .git/HEAD # output: ref: refs/heads/foo
Please note that when you switch to a certain commit, tag or remote branch, then the HEAD would be in a "detached" state.
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