In Ruby, you can count the total number of times a value appears in an array based on a condition, by calling Array#count method with a block (i.e. code within {...}):
array.count { |item| condition }
For example, to count the number of items less than 4 in an array of integers, you could do the following:
numbers = [3, 2, 5, 6, 1, 7, 8]
puts numbers.count { | item | item < 4 } #=> 3
It works the same way for values of other types as well. For example, the following counts the number of strings in the array that contain the word "foo".
strings = ["foo", "bar", "foobar", "foo", "baz"]
puts strings.count { | item | item.include?("foo") } #=> 3
When no values matching the criteria are found in the array, 0 is returned:
numbers = [1, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 5, 5, 6]
puts numbers.count { | item | item < 0 } #=> 0
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